Evaluating Dynamic Loads in Piping Systems Caused by Waterhammer

Waterhammer in piping systems results in unbalanced forces, particularly between changes in direction such as elbow pairs, and changes in area such as valves, reducers and other inline components. It is not uncommon for these forces to cause damage when a system is not properly designed to accommodate them, resulting in failed restraints, overloaded equipment, large displacements and overstressing or even failure, of pipe and fittings as illustrated in these photographs.
Date: June 2016